Colorectal Cancer: What It Is And How It Can Be Treated And Possibly Prevented

9 January 2023

Jaime Allen

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in the US, and screening and medical procedures have been developed to diagnose and treat this condition. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, you may prevent additional medical problems from colorectal cancer that could negatively affect your lifestyle and possibly shorten your life. 

What is colorectal cancer?

Some medical professionals refer to colorectal cancer as simply colon cancer, but colorectal cancer is an umbrella term that refers to cancers that affect the colon (large intestine) or the rectum. Colorectal cancer can develop when certain cells divide and multiply rapidly without any controls to stop the process. If colorectal cancer progresses to a more advanced stage, the cancer may spread to other parts of the body.

Are there any symptoms associated with colorectal cancer?

In the earliest stages of cancer in the colon or rectum, you might not experience pain or notice any other symptoms, but you may develop certain symptoms if the cancer remains untreated and continues to progress. However, these possible symptoms don't always mean that you have colorectal cancer, and you should be examined by your doctor if you experience any of these unusual occurrences for more than a few days so that you can know for sure. Symptoms of colorectal cancer often include:

• Dark-colored stool that's caused by intestinal bleeding 
• An unusual change in bowel movements
• Thin, pencil-like stool
• Blood from the rectum
• Frequent abdominal bloating or pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• General feelings of weakness or fatigue

What tests can be performed to look for colorectal cancer?

A colonoscopy is a common test that's used to detect cancer in the colon and is performed by inserting a long tube known as a colonoscope with a camera on its end through the anus and into the colon to look for polyps and other suspicious growths that could be cancerous. A CT colonography can also be performed to examine the colon with the use of digital technology. To examine the rectum specifically, a doctor can insert a flexible sigmoidoscopy tube into the opening. A stool sample can also be analyzed to look for blood and abnormal DNA that may indicate cancer.

What treatment options for colorectal cancer are available?

Surgery is often performed to remove colon and rectal tumors, and ablation is sometimes used to destroy small tumors. Radiation and chemotherapy are other treatments that your doctor might recommend. Targeted drugs and immunotherapy can also be tried if other treatments haven't been successful or if the cancer is in an advanced stage.

How can you possibly prevent colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer isn't always preventable, but certain healthy lifestyle habits can decrease your risks. By maintaining a healthy diet that's low in red meat, processed foods, and alcohol, and by refraining from smoking, you might avoid this condition. Exercising more and maintaining a healthy body weight can further decrease your risks. You may also prevent colorectal cancer or keep the disease from progressing to an advanced stage by getting regular screenings at the recommended times.

Regardless of your age or lifestyle factors, you could receive a colorectal cancer diagnosis at some point in your life. If you're diagnosed with a form of colorectal cancer during a screening, your doctor will explain your treatment options and recommend a care plan.

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